An Opportunistic-Non Orthogonal Multiple Access based Cooperative Relaying system over Rician Fading Channels

Non-orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) has become a salient technology for improving the spectral efficiency of the next generation 5G wireless communication networks. In this paper, the achievable average rate of an Opportunistic Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (O-NOMA) based Cooperative Relaying System (CRS) is studied under Rician fading channels with Channel State Information (CSI) available at the source terminal. Based on CSI, for opportunistic transmission, the source immediately chooses either the direct transmission or the cooperative NOMA transmission using the relay, which can provide better achievable average rate performance than the existing Conventional-NOMA (C-NOMA) based CRS with no CSI at the source node. Furthermore, a mathematical expression is also derived for the achievable average rate and the results are compared with C-NOMA based CRS with no CSI at the transmitter end, over a range of increasing power allocation coefficients, transmit Signal-to-Noise Ratios (SNRs) and average channel powers. Numerical results show that the CRS using O-NOMA with CSI achieves better spectral efficiency in terms of the achievable average rate than the Conventional-NOMA based CRS without CSI. To check the consistency of the derived analytical results, Monte Carlo simulations are performed which verify that the results are consistent and matched well with the simulation results.Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1709.0822

Antecedents and consequences of female consumer's attitude and lifestyle in facial care market

Evaluation of ethical marketing practices of businesses from a consumer perspective has often been prescribed as an international research direction, more particularly for the developing economies. In accordance with the above, this consumer study based in Malaysia investigated the antecedents and consequences of consumer attitude towards ethical marketing practices of firms depicted by product fairness, price fairness, and fairness aspects of marketing communications and channels of distribution in the facial care sector. Moderating influences of consumer lifestyle and demography were also taken into consideration in order to describe the scenario with enhanced precision and possibilities. The model under study was developed using the proven predictive power of the theory of planned behavior supported with the consumer decision process model. Relying on a survey research design, and following a rigorous multi stage sampling method, 483 female consumers falling within 15 years and above age range were surveyed from different parts of Malaysia. Descriptive analysis was done using SPSS, and inferential analysis using SmartPLS software, a variance based structural equations modeling tool. The findings revealed that product fairness, marketing communications, price fairness, and channels of distribution possess significant positive relationship with consumer attitude which further significantly predicts behavioral intention. Social factors and perceived behavioral control too were seen to predict behavioral intention which was further seen to influence the actual behavior of consumers. Consumer lifestyle as a whole, reflected through self-confidence, health consciousness, family orientation, religiosity, and women role and perception was found to have no moderation effect on the consumer attitude and behavioral intention relationship. The results of multi group analysis revealed that income of consumers exerts no moderation effect whereas education moderates the relationship of marketing communications, price fairness, and channels of distribution taken with consumer attitude. As Malaysian consumers exhibit serious concern towards ethical marketing practices of firms, it is recommended to the managers that they ensure fairness in their offerings, pricing, marketing communications and the way they make the products available to the consumers. Also, the policy makers are suggested to focus on creating awareness regarding the growing significance of ethical aspects, in addition to instituting desirable regulation

Performance analysis of FSO using relays and spatial diversity under log-normal fading channel

The performance analysis of free space optical communication (FSO) system using relays and spatial diversity at the source is studied in this paper. The effect of atmospheric turbulence and attenuation, caused by different weather conditions and geometric losses, has also been considered for analysis. The exact closed-form expressions are presented for bit error rate (BER) of M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM) technique for multi-hop multiple-input single-output (MISO) FSO system under log-normal fading channel. Furthermore, the link performance of multi-hop MISO and multi-hop single-input and single-output (SISO) FSO systems are compared to the different systems using on-off keying (OOK), repetition codes (RCs) and M-ary pulse amplitude modulation (M-PAM) techniques. A significant performance enhancement in terms of BER analysis and SNR gains is shown for multi-hop MISO and multi-hop SISO FSO systems with M-QAM over other existing systems with different modulation schemes. Moreover, Monte-Carlo simulations are used to validate the accuracy and consistency of the derived analytical results. Numerical results show that M-QAM modulated multi-hop MISO and multi-hop SISO FSO system with relays and spatial diversity outperforms other systems while having the same spectral efficiency of each system.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, 4th International Conference on Electrical Energy Systems (ICEES), Feb. 7-9, 2018, SSNCE, Chennai, TN, INDI

Maximum-Likelihood Sequence Detector for Dynamic Mode High Density Probe Storage

There is an increasing need for high density data storage devices driven by the increased demand of consumer electronics. In this work, we consider a data storage system that operates by encoding information as topographic profiles on a polymer medium. A cantilever probe with a sharp tip (few nm radius) is used to create and sense the presence of topographic profiles, resulting in a density of few Tb per in.2. The prevalent mode of using the cantilever probe is the static mode that is harsh on the probe and the media. In this article, the high quality factor dynamic mode operation, that is less harsh on the media and the probe, is analyzed. The read operation is modeled as a communication channel which incorporates system memory due to inter-symbol interference and the cantilever state. We demonstrate an appropriate level of abstraction of this complex nanoscale system that obviates the need for an involved physical model. Next, a solution to the maximum likelihood sequence detection problem based on the Viterbi algorithm is devised. Experimental and simulation results demonstrate that the performance of this detector is several orders of magnitude better than the performance of other existing schemes.Comment: This paper is published in IEEE Trans. on communicatio